Shandong Jiurunfa Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Shandong Jiurunfa Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
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Zinc Oxide Introduction
Active zinc oxide (ZnO) has a particle size between 1-100 nm. It is a new type of high-functional fine inorganic product for the 21st century. It exhibits many special properties, such as non-migration, fluorescence, piezoelectricity, and the ability to absorb and scatter ultraviolet rays. By utilizing its wonderful properties in light, electricity, magnetism, and sensitivity, it can be used to manufacture gas sensors, phosphors, varistors, ultraviolet shielding materials, image recording materials, piezoelectric materials, varistors, high-efficiency catalysts, magnetic materials, and plastic films.
Zinc Oxide Parameters
| Parameter Name | Unit | Value Range/Description |
| Chemical Formula | - | ZnO |
| Molecular Weight | g/mol | 81.39 |
| Appearance | - | White powder or hexagonal crystals |
| Density | g/cm³ | Approximately 5.60-5.67 (varies with preparation method and purity) |
| Melting Point | °C | 1975 |
| Boiling Point | °C | 2360 (sublimes) |
| Refractive Index | - | Approximately 2.008-2.029 (varies with wavelength) |
| Band Gap | eV | Approximately 3.37 (at room temperature) |
| Purity | % | 99.0%-99.99% (depending on application requirements) |
| Particle Size Distribution | nm | Various sizes available, such as 20nm, 50nm, 100nm, 1μm, etc. |
| Specific Surface Area | m²/g | Typically in the range of 10-150m²/g, depending on particle size |
| Hygroscopicity | - | Low hygroscopicity, but may absorb moisture over time if exposed to humid conditions |
| Solubility | - | Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohols, soluble in dilute acids, sodium hydroxide solutions, and ammonium chloride solutions |
| Thermal Stability | - | Stable at high temperatures, but prolonged exposure to high temperatures may cause discoloration or phase transformation |
| Electrical Conductivity | S/m | As a semiconductor, electrical conductivity varies with doping and temperature |
| UV Absorption | - | Effectively absorbs UVA and UVB ultraviolet radiation, providing good sunscreen properties |
| Antibacterial Properties | - | Inhibits the growth of various bacteria and fungi, suitable for antibacterial materials |
Morphology
Active zinc oxide is a new type of multifunctional inorganic material with a particle size of about 1 to 100 nanometers. Due to the refinement of the grains, its surface electronic structure and crystal structure change, resulting in surface effects, volume effects, quantum size effects, macroscopic tunnel effects, high transparency, high dispersibility and other characteristics that macroscopic objects do not have. According to records, it has been found that it exhibits many special functions in catalysis, optics, magnetism, mechanics, etc., making it have important application value in many fields such as ceramics, chemical industry, electronics, optics, biology, medicine, etc., and has special features and uses that ordinary zinc oxide cannot compare with. Active zinc oxide can be used in the textile field for ultraviolet light shielding materials, antibacterial agents, fluorescent materials, photocatalytic materials, etc. Due to the series of advantages of active zinc oxide and its very attractive application prospects, the research and development of active zinc oxide has become the focus of many scientific and technological personnel.
Properties
Zinc oxide is an electronic structure of a semiconductor catalyst. When a photon with a certain energy or a photon with an energy greater than the semiconductor band gap Eg is injected into the semiconductor under light irradiation, an electron is excited from the valence band NB to the conduction band CB, leaving a hole. The excited conduction band electrons and valence band holes can recombine to eliminate the input energy and heat. The electrons are captured on the surface of the material, and the valence electrons jump to the conduction band. The holes in the valence band snatch the hydroxyl electrons in the surrounding environment and turn them into free radicals. As a strong oxidant, it completes the degradation of organic matter (or chlorine-containing) and kills bacteria and viruses.
Preparation
The preparation methods of zinc oxide are divided into three categories: direct method (also known as American method), indirect method (also known as French method) and wet chemical method. Many commercially available zinc oxides are direct or indirect products with micron-sized particles and small specific surface areas. These properties greatly restrict their application areas and their performance in finished products. Yunnan Chemical Metallurgy Research Institute adopts wet chemical method ,to prepare nano-scale active zinc oxide. Various zinc-containing materials can be used as raw materials, and zinc is leached by acid leaching. After multiple purifications to remove impurities in the raw materials, basic zinc carbonate is obtained by precipitation, and finally roasting to obtain active zinc oxide. Compared with the previous process technology for preparing nano-scale ultrafine zinc oxide, this new process has the following technical innovations:
1. The reaction kinetics principle under equilibrium conditions is combined with enhanced heat transfer technology to quickly complete the roasting of basic zinc carbonate.
2. By adjusting the process parameters, various types of active zinc oxide products with different purities, particle sizes and colors can be prepared.
3. This process can use a variety of zinc-containing materials as raw materials and convert them into high value-added products.
4. A typical green chemical process, an environmentally friendly process.
Application
Application in rubber industry
It can be used as a functional additive such as vulcanizing activator to improve the smoothness, wear resistance, mechanical strength and anti-aging performance of rubber products, reduce the use of ordinary zinc oxide and extend the service life.
Application in ceramic industry
As milk porcelain glaze and flux, it can reduce the sintering temperature, improve gloss and flexibility, and has excellent performance.
Application in national defense industry
Active zinc oxide has a strong ability to absorb infrared rays, and the ratio of absorptivity to heat capacity is large. It can be used in infrared detectors and infrared sensors; Active zinc oxide also has the characteristics of light weight, light color, and strong wave absorption ability. It can effectively absorb radar waves and attenuate them, and is used in new wave-absorbing stealth materials;
Application in textile industry
It has good ultraviolet shielding and excellent antibacterial and antibacterial properties. When added to fabrics, it can give fabrics sun protection, antibacterial, deodorization and other functions;
Application in feed industry
Active zinc oxide, as a nanomaterial, has high biological activity, high absorption rate, strong antioxidant ability, safety and stability, and is currently the most ideal zinc source. Using active zinc oxide to replace high zinc in feed can not only solve the animal's demand for zinc, but also reduce pollution to the environment. The use of active zinc oxide can play an antibacterial and antimicrobial role, while improving animal production performance;
Applications in coatings, cosmetics and other application fields
Metal oxide powders such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide, when these powders are made into nanometers, the size of the particles is equivalent to or smaller than the light wave, and the interval between the conduction band and the valence band increases due to the size effect, so the light absorption is significantly enhanced. Various powders have different shielding and reflection efficiencies for light. When comparing zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, when the wavelength is less than 350 nanometers (UVB), the shielding efficiency of the two is similar, but at 350-400nm (UVA), the shielding efficiency of zinc oxide is significantly higher than that of titanium dioxide. At the same time, the refractive index of zinc oxide (n=1.9) is lower than that of titanium dioxide (n=2.6), and the diffuse reflectivity of light is lower, which makes the fiber more transparent and conducive to textile dyeing and finishing.
Active zinc oxide can also be used to make far-infrared reflective fiber materials, commonly known as far-infrared ceramic powder. This far-infrared reflective fiber absorbs the heat emitted by the human body and radiates far-infrared rays of a certain wavelength range to the human body. In addition to increasing the blood flow in the subcutaneous tissue of the human body and promoting blood circulation, it can also shield infrared rays and reduce heat loss. Therefore, this fiber is better at storing heat and keeping warm than ordinary fibers.